8,600 B.C. - Trivia / Irish Elk - "Until this time,
Irish Elk [Megaloceros giganteus] lived in temperate climates throughout
Europe and western Asia."
8,500 B.C. - Cities / Middle East - "According
to popular history, this was the date when the first cities were established
in the Middle East. One of the leading contenders is Jericho."
8,466 -
Neptune-Pluto Conjunction - "There are five major planets with average cycles
of motion relevant to the study of history. These are: Pluto [250 years],
Neptune [165 years], Uranus [84 years], Saturn [28 years] and Jupiter [12
years]."
8,451 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto
Conjunction -
8,000 B.C. - Vedas? - "Reportedly, the Vedas
have been passed down through oral tradition for over 10,000 years, appearing
in written form between 2,000 - 4,000 B.C." [Link:
1]
8,000 B.C. - Stonehenge -
"Stonehenge was for a long while thought to
have been built slowly - over about 1000 years between 2,100 and 1,100 BC.
This chronology was called into question in 1996 by new archaeological evidence.
Following a two-year study commisioned by the English Heritage Foundation,
researchers concluded that the great circles of blustones and sarsens had
in fact been put up between 2,600 BC and 2,030 BC. Less than a year after
these results were published another study showed that the stone circles
had been preceded by wooden circles of 6-metre pine 'totem poles' dated to
8,000 B.C. [Based on: by Graham Hancock and Santha Faiia, Heaven's
Mirror, Quest For The Lost Civilization, p. xiii]
8,000 B.C. - Bog Bodies - "Over the past centuries,
remains of many hundreds of people - men, women, and children - have come
to light during peat cutting activities in northwestern Europe, especially
in Ireland, Great Britain, the Netherlands, northern Germany, and Denmark.
These are the "bog bodies." The individual bog bodies show a great degree
of variation in their state of preservation, from skeletons, to well-preserved
complete bodies, to isolated heads and limbs. They range in date from 8,000
B.C. to the early medieval period. Most date from the
centuries around the beginning of our era. We do not know exactly how many
bog bodies have been found--many have disappeared since their
discovery."
8,000 B.C. - Early Writing - "Clay
tokens have been used since as early as 8,000 B.C. in Mesopotamia
for some form of record-keeping."
8,000 B.C. - Neolithic Age - "According
to popular history, this period [10,000 - 8,000 B.C.] in which herding and
agriculture came into use, is called the 'New Stone Age' or [in Latin] the
'Neolithic Age.' "
8,000 B.C. - Florida Indians - "Florida's Aucilla
River is yielding evidence of the adaptability of Paleoindians to their changing
environment at the end of the Pleistocene, 10,000 years ago. For a decade,
researchers from the Florida Museum of Natural History have been excavating
the Page-Ladson site, and this past fall [1996] they uncovered the ground
surface of a Paleoindian habitation at a depth of 15 feet. Radiocarbon
dates place the beginning of the occupation at ca. 10,000 years ago. At the
time, the site, now only five miles from the Gulf Coast near Tallahassee,
was nearly 100 miles inland, and Florida's landscape resembled Africa's
savannahs. Within 100 years, however, rising water at the end of the last
glaciation flooded the site, sealing it with deposits that contain shells
of freshwater molluscs."
8,000 B.C. - Civilization / Ur - "The Ur culture
developed during the Neolithic Age and became global in expanse by 8,000
B.C. According to popular belief: 'Where the Sumerians came from is still
disputed. Typologically, the language of Sumer resembles Chinese, which suggests
an eastern origin. Some scholars have proposed that the Sumerians came by
ship, landing on the north shore of the Persian Gulf.' "
8,000 B.C. - European Inscriptions - "Epigraphers
remain perplexed concerning such ancient European inscriptions as the Azillian
signary c.8000 B.C.E. from southern France."
8,000 B.C. - Agriculture & Farming - "The
exact origins of agriculture remains unknown, but once chosen, farming developed
a momentum of its own: there was no easy turning back, and the very success
of the new lifestyle induced other fundamental changes. The ensuing increase
in food resources made possible a spectacular growth of human population
between 8000 and 4000 B.C. It also required cooperative effort, particularly
after the introduction of irrigation led to the establishment of settled
organized societies, at first in villages and later in towns and cities,
and the development of new technologies, social systems and ideologies."
[Based on: Compact History Of The World, edited by Geoffrey Parker,
copyright 2003, pp. 16-17] - [First published by Times Books (as The Times
Compact Atlas of World History) 1995 - updated and reprinted 2002]
8,000 B.C. - Ancient Ruins / India - "At Poompuhur,
facing the Bay of Bengal, Indian divers found a horseshoe-shaped object,
measuring 85 metres in length, in water more than 23 metres deep. According
to one scientist, the land on which this structure was built last stood above
water more than 11,000 years ago. In January [2002], Indian marine scientists
discovered what may be the more extensive remains of two ancient cities in
the Gulf of Cambay. The site spans an area of about 25 square kilometres,
35 metres deep, which, until as late as 6,900 years ago, was entirely above
water. About 2,000 possibly man-made artifacts have been dredged and carbon-dated
from 8,500 to 9,500 years old."
*Trivia: "Stone Age rock shelters with paintings
at the Bhimbetka rock shelters in Madhya Pradesh are the earliest known traces
of human life in India. The first known permanent settlements appeared over
9,000 years ago and gradually developed into the Indus Valley Civilisation,[22]
dating back to 3300 BCE in western India. It was followed by the Vedic period,
which laid the foundations of Hinduism and other cultural aspects of early
Indian society, and ended in the 500s BCE. From around 550 BCE, many independent
kingdoms and republics known as the Mahajanapadas were established across
the country.[23] [....]" [Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India] -
[T.D. - 12/15/08]
*Trivia: "[....] At the Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka
humans lived throughout the Upper Paleolithic (10th to 8th millennia BC),
revealing cave paintings dating to ca. 7000 BC; the Sivaliks and the Potwar
(Pakistan) region also exhibit many vertebrate fossil remains and paleolithic
tools. Chert, jasper and quartzite were often used by humans during this
period. [Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asian_Stone_Age] -
[T.D. - 07/16/09]
8,000 B.C. - Geography Trivia / Ireland - "The
shape and landscape of present-day Ireland—an island of 27,100 square
miles [70,200 square kilometers]—were formed 10,000 years ago when Atlantic
Ocean glaciers slowly began their retreat. The event left the country rich
with the soil that has nurtured Ireland's flora and fauna for centuries,
and which offered a hospitable environment for migrating people to settle
and plant seeds."
8,000 B.C. - Human Occupation / South America
- "The altiplano of Peru and Bolivia appears at first sight to be a very
inhospitable land. Its high mountains, windswept plains, and icy waters of
Lake Titicaca make it a stark, yet beautiful landscape. This 'high plain'
(literally!) at a base elevation of 12,600 feet above sea level, is the ancestral
home to the famous Andean animals (llamas and alpacas) and plants (potatoes
and quiñoa). These creatures evolved in this harsh environment through
natural selection. However, the highly successful human occupation of the
area that began approximately 10,000 years ago depended largely on cultural
adaptations, rather than biological ones. These cultural developments from
the Archaic (ca.9,500- 4000 years ago) through the Formative Period (ca.
3200-2000 years ago) attest to a long period of economic and social
intensification, a trend that is common throughout the world. In this 7,000
year span, we see the first colonization of the altiplano, the settling of
permanent villages, and the rise of chiefly societies that formed the basis
of Tiwanaku, one of the high civilizations of the New World. Dating of squash
seeds from a cave in Oaxaca, Mexico, has confirmed that plant domestication
in the Americas began some 10,000 years ago. The new finding, reported by
Smithsonian archaeologist Bruce Smith in the journal Science, indicates that
planting began in the New World about the same time as in the Near East and
China."
*Trivia: "[....] On July 5th [2005], British
scientists announced that literally hundreds of human footprints, approximately
one-third of them children, found in Central Mexico during 2003, have been
conclusively dated to the very dawn of modern man. Silvia Gonzalez, a
geoarchaeologist at Liverpool's John Moores University, in England, co-discovered
the impressions in an abandoned quarry near the city of Puebla, sixty miles
southeast of Mexico City. They are perfectly preserved as trace fossils in
ash laid down by a nearby volcano, known as Cerro Toluquilla, during the
ancient past. [....] Long before the Puebla footprints were found, Ancient
American investigators wrote of Brazil's Pedra Furada site, which pre-dated
mainstream notions of the continent's earliest human settlers by nearly twenty
thousand years. More remarkable still, our fall, 1997 issue reported the
find of another university-trained archaeologist, Dr. Virginia Steen-McIntyre,
who unearthed unmistakable evidence for human habitation in Central Mexico
going back a fantastic quarter-of-a-million years! These on-going
discoveries are replacing out-dated paradigms, while validating the very
premise of our magazine." [Based on: Ancient American magazine article
(Issue # 64, Entitled: Mexico's 40,000-Year-Old Footprints Demolish "Land-Bridge"
Theory) by Frank Joseph] - [Paragraph indents removed to save space
- E.M.]
8,000 B.C. - Glacial Decline / Northern
Hemisphere - "Popular Belief: By 8,000 B.C. the Wisconsin Glaciation
and the European Wurm Glaciation had withdrawn
completely."
7,500 B.C. - World's Oldest Tree -
The world's oldest tree has been found in Sweden, a
tenacious spruce that first took root just after the end of the last ice
age, more than 9,500 years ago. [NP]
The tree has rewritten the history of the climate in
the region, revealing that it was much warmer at that time and the ice had
disappeared earlier than thought. [NP] Previously,
pine trees in North America were thought to be the oldest, at around 5,000
years old. [NP] But Swedish scientists report
that in the mountains, from Lapland in the north to Dalarna in central Sweden,
there are much more ancient spruce trees (Picea abies).
[NP] Prof Leif Kullman at Umeå University and
colleagues found a cluster of around 20 spruces that are over 8,000 years
old. [NP] The oldest tree, in Fulu Mountain,
Dalarna (“the dales”), was dated by carbon dating at a laboratory
in Miami, Florida to 9,550 years old and underneath the crown in the soil
there were another three generations of wood from the same clone, dating
375, 5,660 and 9,000 years old that have the same genetic makeup.
[NP] The clones take root each winter as snow pushes
low lying branches of the mother tree down to ground level, explains Prof
Kullman. [NP] “A new erect stem emerges,
and it may lose contact with the mother tree over time.”
[NP] The trunks of the mother tree would survive only
around 600 years but the trees are able to grow a new one, he adds.
[NP] The finding is surprising because the spruce tree
has been regarded as a relative newcomer in the Swedish mountain region and
is thought to have originated 600 miles away in the east.
[NP] "Our results migration in the complete opposite
direction has be considered, because the spruce is one of the oldest known
trees in the mountain range,” says Prof Kullman.
[NP] Ten millennia ago, a spruce would have been extremely
rare and it is conceivable that the ancient humans who lived there imported
the tree, he says. [NP] “Man immigrated
close to the receding ice front. We have also found fossil acorns in this
area, and people may have taken them with them as they moved over the
landscape.” [NP] It had been thought that
this region was still in the grip of the ice age but the tree shows it was
much warmer, even than today, he says. [NP]
“Spruces are the species that can best give us insight about climate
change,” he says. [NP] The summers 9,500
years ago were warmer than today, though there has been a rapid recent rise
as a result of climate change that means modern climate is rapidly catching
up. [NP] The tree probably survived as a result
of several factors: the generally cold and dry climate, few forest fires
and relatively few humans. [NP] Today, however,
the nature conservancy authorities are considering putting a fence around
the record breaking tree to protect it from trophy hunters.
[Based on: Telegraph.co.uk article (World's oldest
tree discovered in Sweden) By Roger Highfield, Science Editor - Published:
2:30PM BST 17 Apr 2008] - [My brackets added.
(NP = New paragraph) See link for paragraph indents. - E.M.]
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3339982/Worlds-oldest-tree-discovered-in-Sweden.html
*Related Links:
http://www.plymouthtrees.org/treetrivia.php
- [T.D. -
03/22/10]
7,422 B.C. - Copper Age -
"Theoretical date for the beginning of the Copper
Age based on computations using the number 2,160 years for the length of
Kali Yuga."
7,420 B.C. - Nevada Mummy - "A mummy excavated
in 1940 and stored at the Nevada State Museum in Carson City was recently
dated to ca. 7,420 B.C., making it the oldest mummy
ever discovered in North America.
7,300 B.C. - Kennewick Man - "A skeleton was
found in July, 1996 A.D. by the Columbia River in Kennewick, Washington.
It was named the 'Richland Man.' The 9,300 year old bones were later studied
and determined to be most closely related to Asian people, particularly the
Ainu of northern Japan. It was concluded in 2,000 A.D. that he was an American
Indian. The bones were dated to 7514-7324 B.C. Most intriguing is that the
mummy was wearing moccasins and shrouds of woven marsh plants. The weave
of the shrouds indicates that it was made on a loom. 'Kennewick Man'
represents the best-preserved - human remains yet found in this part of the
world, among the oldest anywhere in North America." [Link:
1]
7,300 B.C. - Neolithic Surgery - "New accelerator
radiocarbon dating of the Dnieper Rapids cemeteries near Kiev in Ukraine
by the Oxford Radiocarbon Laboratory has produced evidence that trepanation,
the surgical removal of bone from the cranial vault, was performed during
the Mesolithic period. During a study of 14 individuals at the Vasilyevka
II cemetery, Malcolm C. Lillie, a geoarchaeologist and palaeoenvironmentalist
at the University of Hull, found one skeleton [no. 6285-9] to have evidence
of trepanation. The cemetery, excavated in 1953 by A.D. Stolyar, has been
dated to 7,300-6,220 B.C., making the trepanned cranium
the oldest known example of a healed trepanation yet discovered. The skull,
which was originally reported in Russian by I.I. Gokhman in 1966, has a
depression on its left side with a raised border of bone and 'stepping' in
the center showing stages of healing during life. The complete closure indicates
the survival of the patient, a man who was more than 50 years old at his
death. The dates for the individual are 1,000-2,000 years earlier than those
of the skull at Ensisheim in France, recently reported by Kurt Alt to be
the earliest evidence for trepanation [see Neolithic Surgery, September/October
1997]." [Link:
1]
7,000 B.C. - Pakistan - "Mehrgarh, (Urdu:
???????? ) one of the most important Neolithic (7000 BC to 3200 BC) sites
in archaeology, lies on what is now the "Kachi plain" of today's Balochistan,
Pakistan. It is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming (wheat
and barley) and herding (cattle, sheep and goats) in South Asia."[1]. [NP]
Located near the Bolan Pass, to the west of the Indus River valley and between
the present-day Pakistani cities of Quetta, Kalat and Sibi, Mehrgarh was
discovered in 1974 by an archaeological team directed by French archaeologist
Jean-François Jarrige, and was excavated continuously between 1974
and 1986. The earliest settlement at Mehrgarh—in the northeast corner
of the 495-acre (2.00 km2) site—was a small farming village dated between
7000 BC–5500 BC.
[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehrgarh] -
[T.D. - 07/16/09]
7,000 B.C. - Chinese Flute - "Archaeologists
discover a 9,000 year old playable Flute in China. The 8.6 inch instrument
in pristine condition has seven holes and was made from a hollow bone of
a bird, the red-crowned crane. It is one of six flutes and 30 fragments recovered
from the Jiahu arcaeological site in henan province." [Link:
1]
7,000 B.C. - Prehistoric
Dentists? - "[....] Dentists drilled nearly perfect tiny holes in the
teeth of live patients between 7,500 and 9,000 years ago, according to
carbon-dating of skulls unearthed in a graveyard in Pakistan. [....] The
discovery of the dental work is described today in the journal Nature. [....]"
[Based on: A.P. article (Prehistoric dentists used drills, scientists find),
p. A5, S.L.P.D., 04/06/06]
7,000 B.C. - Rice Cultivation / China - "Evidence
of rice cultivation in China." [Based on: Compact History Of The World,
edited by Geoffrey Parker, copyright 2003, p. 16] - [First published
by Times Books (as The Times Compact Atlas of World History) 1995
- updated and reprinted 2002]
7,000 B.C. - Human Skeleton / England - "In
1903 A.D. a skeleton of a man, 9,000 years old, was discovered in the underground
caves at Cheddar, 130 miles west of London, England."
7,000 B.C. - Ancient
House / Isle of Man - "Built 3,000 years before the miracle of Stonehenge,
this is Britain's oldest and best preserved house. [NP] The remains of the
strongly built shelter, discovered on the Isle of Man, provide a rare window
into the domestic life of hunter-gatherers 9,000 years ago. [....] Manx National
Heritage field archaeologist Andrew Johnson confirmed the building showed
that people from this time were settled for long periods. [NP] 'The received
wisdom is that 8,000 years ago people constantly moved through the landscape
as nomads, gathering their food from the land, rather than staying put and
farming and harvesting it,' he said. [NP] 'But this building was constructed
from substantial pieces of timber, and had a hearth for cooking and warmth.
[NP] 'Its occupants lived here often, or long enough to leave behind over
12,000 pieces of worked flint, together with the tools needed to flake them,
and food debris in the form of hundreds of hazelnut shells,' he added.
[....]"
[Based on: Archaeology News article (At 9,000 years
old, Britain's oldest house gives a glimpse of post-Ice Age domesticity)
Last updated at 3:25 PM on 13th August 2009]
*Link:
http://www.archaeologynews.org/story.asp?ID=481761&Title=9000-year-old
house found on Isle of Man reveals how hunter ...
7,000 B.C. - Corn
Cultivation / New World - "[....] In the Middle East, figs were domesticated
11,400 years ago. Wheat wasn't far behind. In the New World, corn was being
cultivated 9,000 years ago. [....]" [[Based on: A.P. article (Fossils show
ancient use of chili peppers [about 6,100 years ago]), p. A3, S.L.P.D.,
02/16/07]
7,000 B.C. - Human Occupation / Alaska - "The Discovery Channel's
latest archaeological offering takes mummy-mania to an unpublicized corner
of the known mummy world - Alaska's Aleutian Islands. The Unangan, seafaring
ancestors of today's Aleut, made their home in the barren archipelago for
some 9,000 years, honing techniques for hunting large sea mammals, building
sturdy houses, and, perhaps surprisingly, perfecting ritual mummification
in a hostile, wet climate."
7,000 B.C. - Permanent
Settlements / India - "[....] Stone Age rock shelters with paintings
at the Bhimbetka rock shelters in Madhya Pradesh are the earliest known traces
of human life in India. The first known permanent settlements appeared over
9,000 years ago and gradually developed into the Indus Valley Civilization,[22]
dating back to 3300 BCE in western India. It was followed by the Vedic period,
which laid the foundations of Hinduism and other cultural aspects of early
Indian society, and ended in the 500s BCE. From around 550 BCE, many independent
kingdoms and republics known as the Mahajanapadas were established across
the country.[23] [....]"
[Based on: Wikipedia Article: History - see link] *Link:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India - [T.D. - 10/26/08]
7,000 B.C.
6,800 B.C. - Jarmo Settlement / Iraq - "Reportedly,
the settlement of Jarmo, in the foothills of northern Iraq, dates to about
6,800 B,C." [Link:
1]
6,500 B.C. - Catalhuyuk / Anatolia - "A prehistoric
city located in Anatolia, or modern day Turkey where a number of artifacts
appear to support evidence for the widespread practice of Goddess worship.
Reportedly, 'the oldest layer of Catal Huyuk yet excavated [virgin soil has
not yet been reached] is reliably carbon dated to 6,500 B.C.' " [Link:
1]
6,500 B.C. - Equinox at Gemini - "About this
time, the Vernal Equinox was at Gemini."
6,500 B.C. - Mexican Step Pyramid - "Just south
of the university campus of Mexico City, off the main road connecting the
capital to Cuernavaca, stands a circular step pyramid of great complexity
[with four galleries and a central staircase]. It was partially excavated
in the 1920's from beneath a mantle of lava. Geologists were called to the
site to help date the lava, and carried out a detailed examination. To everyone's
surprise, they concluded that the volcanic eruption which had completely
buried three sides of this pyramid [and had then gone on to cover about sixty
square miles of the surrounding territory] must have taken place at least
seven thousand years ago. It is worth noting, however that Byron Cummings,
the American Archaeologist who origianally excavated the site for the National
Geographic Society, was convinced by clearly demarcated stratification layers
above and below the pyramid [laid down both before and after the volcanic
eruption] that it was 'the oldest temple yet uncovered on the American
continent.' He went further than the geologists and stated categorically
that this temple 'fell into ruins some 8,500 years ago.' " [Link:
1]
6,500 B.C. - Prehistoric Gold Pendant / Greece
- "A Greek hiker found a 6,500-year-old gold pendant in a field and handed
it over to authorities, an archaeologist said Thursday [02/16/06]. The flat,
roughly ring-shaped prehistoric pendant probably had religious meaning. It
would have been worn on a necklace by a prominent member of society. Only
three such gold artifacts have been discovered in organized digs, said the
archaeologist, Georgia Karamitrou-Mendesidi. She heads the Greek archaeological
service in the northern region where the discovery was made. 'It belongs
to the Neolithic period, about which we know very little regarding the use
of metals, particularly gold,' she said. 'The fact that it is made of gold
indicates that these people were highly advanced, producing significant works
of art.' The pendant measures roughly 1 1/2 by 1 1/2 inches. Karamitrou-Mendesidi
said the hiker had picked it up last year near the town of Ptolemaida, about
90 miles southwest of the northern city of Thessaloniki. [....] Similar finds
have been excavated in modern Turkey and the Balkans, particularly in Bulgaria.
Around 4500 B.C., when the pendant was made, Greece's early Neolithic farming
settlements were consolidating into trading centers with a knowledge of
metalworking. In November [2005], archaeologists announced the discovery
in the Ptolemaida region of two prehistoric farming settlements dating back
as early as 6000 B.C. The settlement digs uncovered burial sites, clay and
stone figurines of humans and animals, pottery and stone tools." [Based on:
A.P. article (Striking gold in Greece / Hiker finds prehistoric pendant),
p. A14, S.L.P.D., 02/17/06]
6,390 B.C. - Prehistoric
Building / Ramat Aviv - "Remains of a prehistoric building, the earliest
ever discovered in the Tel Aviv region and estimated to be between 7,800
and 8,400 years old, were recently discovered in an archaeological excavation
in Ramat Aviv. [NP] Ancient artifacts thought to be 13,000 and 100,000 years
old were also discovered there. [....]
[Based on: Haaretz Service article (Archeologists discover
8,000-year-old building in Tel Aviv), 01/11/10]
http://www.archaeologynews.org/story.asp?ID=554915&Title=Archeologists
discover 8000-year-old building in Tel Aviv
6,200 B.C. - Domesticated Cattle - "The
archeological record shows traces of domesticated cattle back to this time."
6,001 -
Neptune-Pluto conjunction -
6,000 B.C.
6,000 B.C. - Sumer
- Sumer (Sumerian: ?????? ki-en-gir15[1][2], Akkadian: Šumeru;
possibly Biblical Shinar) was a civilization and a historical region
located in Southern Iraq (Mesopotamia), known as the
Cradle of
civilization. It lasted from the first settlement of Eridu in the Ubaid
period (late 6th millennium BC) through the Uruk period (4th millennium BC)
and the Dynastic periods (3rd millennium BC) until the rise of Babylon in
the early 2nd millennium BC. The term "Sumerian" applies to all speakers
of the Sumerian language. [NP] The cities of
Sumer were the first to practice intensive, year-round agriculture (from
ca. 5300 BC). However, it should be noted that such agriculture appeared
independently in multiple civilizations close to the same time as Sumer.
The surplus of storable food created by this economy allowed the population
to settle in one place instead of migrating after crops and grazing land.
It also allowed for a much greater population density, and in turn required
an extensive labor force and division of labor. This organization led to
the necessity of record keeping and the development of writing (ca. 3500
BC). [Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumer]
- [T.D. - 07/16/09]
6,000 B.C. - City / Ugarit - "Ugarit experienced
a very long history. A city was built on the site in the Neolithic period
around 6,000 B.C. Since the discovery of the Ugaritic texts, the study of
the Old Testament has never been the same." [Link:
1]
6,000 B.C. - Flax Cultivation - "Flax
was being cultivated well before 6,000 B.C."
6,000 B.C. - Pottery Established - "By
6,000 B.C. pottery was a well established product."
6,000 B.C. - Ancient Structure / Japan -
"The submerged structure
near the isle of Yonaguni [Japan], that is
approximately 75 ft under the sea level, which has an evident artificial
origin; it is 600 ft wide and 90 ft high, and it's about 8,000 years
old." [Links:
1]
6,000 B.C. - "Shoosh Civilization" / Iran -
"[....] 8000 years ago, there was a civilization which lived in today’s
Khoozestan, their name was 'Shoosh Civilization,' or in English 'Susa
Civilization.' So far this has been reported as the oldest civilization which
have ever existed on Earth. By civilization, we mean civilized city government
or city state or Empire or Kingdom or any type of local civilized system.
Archeologists divide time periods & discoveries of Shoosh, into two periods:
Period One & Period Two. These periods are based on Geological Layers
which the fossils & other material has been found in them, layer one
& two which are on top of one another. Archeologists were digging in
Shoosh since 1897 by 'Jan Morgan' the French Archeologist, all the way until
the present day. Dr. Scheil was also another valuable archeologist who dedicated
a lot on uncovering the secrets of Shoosh. But only during the last decade
a vast amount of discovery has been found @ Shoosh. [....]" [Shaghaghi.net,
02/07/04]
6,000 B.C. - Ocean-Going Vessels / Mesopotamia
- "By 6,000 BC, the people of the Mesopotamian Near East were using ships
on the open sea."
5,500 B.C. - Cities / Mesopotamia - "Reportedly:
"Cities, or settlements which became cities, existed in Mesopotamia from
5,500 B.C. The earlier cities lay in the northern part of Iraq, and in
northeastern Syria. City living quickly spread down the Euphrates River and
into the valley of the Tigris River, reaching the swamps at the head of the
Persian Gulf before 4,000 B.C." [Links:
1,
2]
5,546 B.C.
- Uranus-Pluto Conjunction -
5,400 B.C. - Human Settlement
/ Eridu - "Mesopotamia is located on the fertile flood
plain of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in a hot desert ecology. Human
settlements based on irrigation agriculture first appeared coincident to
the establishment of Eridu about 7,400 BP. A great stepped tower, a ziggurat,
which culminated a series of 20 structures built one upon another during
a span of 3,500 years evidences Eridu's importance. Public architectural
monuments were the focus of early Mesopotamian community centers. By 6,500
BP. large scale canal systems and many towns with public architecture had
been founded. Eridu was the largest." [Link:
1]
5,508 B.C. -
Neptune-Pluto Conjunction -
5,292 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto Conjunction -
5,149 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto Conjunction -
5,038 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto Conjunction -
5,015 B.C. -
Neptune-Pluto Conjunction -
5,000 B.C. -
Trivia / "Horus"
- "According
to reports, many Egyptologists have endowed Horus with a grand old age. He
commenced life at the time of Osiris 22,000 years ago and kept up his health
and strength down to the time of Menes 5,000 years ago. A grand old age of
17,000 years. This goes the Hindu mistranslation about Rama one better. Rama
lasted only 10,000 years. From the commencement of Egyptian history, and
apparently for thousands of years, Egypt was governed by the Church with
a Horus. The last Horus as the Hieratic head of religion in Lower Egypt was
the Horus that immediately preceded King Menes, according to Manetho [in
the writings of Manetho there are references to six different Horuses as
Hieratic heads]. The date of Mena, the first king of Egypt, is variously
given B.C. 5,867 [Champollion], B.C. 5,004 [Mariette], B.C. 5,892 [Lepsius],
and B.C. 4,455 [Brugsch]."
5,000 B.C. - Sahara Ecology - "Dried-up riverbeds
as well as cave paintings indicate that at this time the Sahara was a land
of flowing rivers, lush green pastures, and forests."
5,000 B.C. - Megaliths / Egypt - "Standing megaliths
and a ring of stones were erected from 6,700 to 7,000 years ago in the southern
Sahara desert. They are the oldest dated astronomical alignment discovered
so far and bear a striking resemblance to Stonehenge and other megalithic
sites constructed a millennium later in England, Brittany, and Europe."
5,000 B.C. - Farm Houses
/ Greece - "Geophysical studies at Kefala Hill in the Knossos archaeological
site on Crete island, have revealed findings of the most ancient farm houses
in Greece, and perhaps in all of Europe, dating back between 7,000- 6,400
BC. [NP] The important finds were presented on Wednesday in Athens by the
head of the British School in Athens and university professor Catherine Morgan
at the school's open annual meeting held at the Archaeological Society building.
[NP] The British school, in cooperation with Dutch scientists, have been
conducting studies in the Knossos area since May 2009 for the charting and
imaging of the archaeological and geological deposits with the use of
state-of-the-art radars. [NP] Moreover, Morgan presented an annual review
of the British School on the research progress on Keros island in the Cyclades
complex, and especially at the Daskalio early Bronze Age settlement, at Kavos
on the Ionian island of Corfu, in Thessaly region and on the islands of Kythera
and Antikythera." [Based on: Archaeology News article (Important archaeological
finds at Knossos), 02/26/10]]
http://www.archaeologynews.org/story.asp?ID=575185&Title=Important
archaeological finds at Knossos
5,000 B.C. - Trivia / I Ching, China - "The I Ching,
or Book of Changes, is the most widely read of the five Chinese Classics.
The book was traditionally written by the legendary Chinese Emperor
Fu Hsi [2953-2838 B.C.]. It is possible that the the I Ching
originated from a prehistoric divination technique
which dates back as far as 5,000 B.C. Futher commentaries were added by
King Wen and the Duke of Chou in the eleventh century B.C."
5,000 B.C. - Trepanation? / Alsace - "A 7,000-year-old
burial at Ensisheim, in the French region of Alsace, has yielded the earliest
[1997] unequivocal evidence for trepanation, according to Kurt W.
Alt of Freiburg University and his colleagues.
Trepanation is a surgical operation that involves the
removal of a rectangle or disk of bone from the cranial vault. Most
previous claims to cases predating the Late Neolithic age have been
shown to be untreated head injuries or the results of decomposition."
5,000 B.C. - Bronze Age Mesopotamia - [....]
Widely considered as the cradle of civilization, Bronze Age Mesopotamia included
Sumer, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires. In the Iron Age, it was
ruled by the Neo-Assyrian Empire and Neo-Babylonian Empire, and later conquered
by the Achaemenid Empire. It mostly remained under Persian rule until the
7th century Islamic conquest of the Sassanid Empire. [....] The history of
Mesopotamia begins with the emergence of urban societies in northern Iraq
in 5000 BCE, and ends with either the arrival of the Achaemenid Empire in
the 6th century BCE, when Mesopotamia began being colonized by foreign powers,
or with the arrival of the Islamic Caliphate, when the region came to be
known as Iraq. [....]"
[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia]
- [T.D. - 07/16/09]
5,000 B.C. - Human Habitation / Lebanon - "Stone
age farmers and fisherman inhabited the area around Byblos, Lebanon.
Archeologists at Byblos found at least 12 layers of civilizations that dated
back 7,000 years."
5,000 B.C. - Signs
of Mass Cannibalism? / Europe - "At a settlement in what is now southern
Germany, the menu turned gruesome 7,000 years ago. Over a period of perhaps
a few decades, hundreds of people were butchered and eaten before parts of
their bodies were thrown into oval pits, a new study suggests. [....] 'Human
sacrifice at Herxheim is a hypothesis that’s difficult to prove right
now, but we have evidence that several hundred people were eaten over a brief
period,' Boulestin [Bruno Boulestin of the University of Bordeaux 1 in
France] says. Skeletal markings indicate that
human bodies were butchered in the same way as animals. [....]"
[Based on: Wired Science article (Controversial Signs
of Mass Cannibalism), by Bruce Bower, Science News Author, December 4,
2009]
*Link:
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2009/12/controversial-signs-of-mass-cannibalism/
5,000 B.C.
4,900 B.C. - Abandoned?
/ Catalhuyuk - "An estimated date when the Catalhuyuk area was
abandoned."
4,895 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto
Conjunction -
4,800 B.C. - Ancient Civilization /
Europe
Archaeologists have discovered Europe's oldest
civilisation, a network of dozens of temples, 2,000 years older than Stonehenge
and the Pyramids.
More than 150 gigantic monuments have been located
beneath the fields and cities of modern-day Germany, Austria and Slovakia.
They were built 7,000 years ago, between 4800BC and 4600BC. Their discovery,
revealed today by The Independent, will revolutionise the study of prehistoric
Europe, where an appetite for monumental architecture was thought to have
developed later than in Mesopotamia and Egypt.
In all, more than 150 temples have been identified.
Constructed of earth and wood, they had ramparts and palisades that stretched
for up to half a mile. They were built by a religious people who lived in
communal longhouses up to 50 metres long, grouped around substantial villages.
Evidence suggests their economy was based on cattle, sheep, goat and pig
farming.
Their civilisation seems to have died out after about
200 years and the recent archaeological discoveries are so new that the temple
building culture does not even have a name yet.
[....] By David Keys, Archaeology Correspondent
- June 11th, 2005
[Based on:
http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/story.jsp?story=645976]
4,784 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto
Conjunction -
4,700 B.C. - Megaliths / Carnac - " 'Prehistory'
itself is just the name that we give to the almost total amnesia
that our species has suffered concerning more than 40,000 years of
our own past. This amnesia covers the entire period from the emergence of
anatomically modern humans until the first 'historical records' began to
be written down in Sumer and in Egypt in the third millenium BC.
"Out of that long period of amnesia, and from its borders with
history, a number of mighty monuments have come down to us. These include
rock-hewn temples, circles of megaliths, and sacred sites arranged in dead
straight lines over vast distances, such as the avenues of standing stones
at Carnac in northern France. One earthern mound there, which contains a
megalithic passageway orientated to the winter solstice sunrise, has been
carbon-dated to 4.700 BC. [Based on: Graham Hancock and Santha Faiia,
Heaven's Mirror, Quest For The Lost Civilization, pp.
x-xi]
4,641 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto
Conjunction -
4,600 B.C. - Ancient Civilization / Bulgaria
- "Found by chance during construction works in 1972 in the western industrial
part of Varna the Varna Eneolithic Necropolis was under research excavations
till 1991 under the direction of Mr. M.Lazarov /1972-1976/ and Mr. I. Ivanov
/1972-1991/. It is situated about 500 m to the north of the Varna Lake and
about 4 km to the west of downtown Varna. [....]"
[Based on:
http://www.varna-bg.com/museums/archaeology/enexhibit/enhall5.htm]
*Trivia: "[....] The Varna Chalcolithic Necropolis
(4600 - 4200 B.C.) which experts qualify as 'the world's oldest gold and
Europe's most ancient civilization' was a sensational discovery. [....]"
[Based on:
http://www.travel-bulgaria.com/content/treasures.shtml]
*Trivia: "[....] The golden artifacts from a
vast burial complex discovered in the 1970s near the Black Sea port of Varna
date back to the end of the fifth millennium B.C. and are internationally
renowned as the world's oldest golden treasure." [Based on: A.P. article,
p. A12, S.L.P.D., 08/18/05]
*Trivia: "Earliest gold objects buried in Bulgarian
graves." [Based on: N.G.M. (Dec. 2006), p. 113 & 114]
4,530 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto
Conjunction -
4,522 -
Neptune-Pluto Conjunction -
4,500 B.C. - Cities / Assyria - "Between
4,500 and 2,400 B.C., complex societies appear in the form of cities, with
craft specialization and writing. These features were associated with the
Sumerians, but they quickly spread to other parts of Mesopotamia, including
Assyria. In Assyria, settlements had become large and guarded by fortifications
walls, which implies the risk of attack from outside, and hence the need
for defense and warfare." [Links:
1]
4,500 B.C. - Elephants / China - "A sacrificial
dump [4,500 - 2,000 B.C.] in Guanghan, Sichuan Province, in China was uncovered
in 1976. Large quantities of elephants tusks reveal that elephants roamed
the area. Human figures, monster masks, and tree fragments made of bronze
tubes were also found."
4,500 B.C. - Burial Cave / Galilee - "A
6,500-year-old burial cave full of clay ossuaries, ceramic and stone vessels,
figurines thought to have been ritual objects, and piles of human skulls
and bones has been discovered in Galilee in northern Israel. Until now,
archaeologists believed that Chalcolithic cultures in different parts of
Israel were more or less self-sufficient. But clay jugs found at the new
site are similar to those uncovered in the Golan Heights, and bronze ax heads
are like those from the Judean Desert, suggesting some interaction between
cultures. The ossuaries, however, are unique. 'Decorated ossuary facades
characteristic of this period that depict human faces are flat, with protruding
noses,' says Zvi Gal, director of the Israel Antiquities Authority Northern
Region. 'Here we found three-dimensional sculpted heads, with distinct eyes,
noses, and ears, unlike any ever found.' "
4,468 B.C. - Narmer Plate - "The original sky
chart of the remote Ancient Egyptians was incorporated into the Narmer Plate
in 4,468 B.C." [Link:
1]
4,387 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto
Conjunction -
4,380 B.C. - Equinox at Taurus - "The immediate
predecessor of the Age of Aries was the Age of Taurus - the Bull - which
spanned the period between 4,380 B.C. and 2,200 B.C. It was during
this precessional epoch [when the sun on the vernal equinox rose in the
constellation of Taurus] that the Bull-cult of Minoan Crete flourished. It
is interesting to note that at the very beginning of the dynastic period,
the Egyptians were already venerating the Apis and Mnevis Bulls. Furthermore,
the Sumerians represented the Bull of Heaven with human head and bull's body.
The Greek representations of the Minotaur, depict him with human body and
bull's head." [Links:
1]
4,276 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto
Conjunction -
4,241 B.C. - Egyptian Calendar - "A date believed
to indicate the earliest recorded date in the Egyptian calendar." [Link:
1]
4,200 B.C. - Rise of Patriarchy - "The Great
Cycle of the Mayan calendar definitely has relevance to something, but what?
If we look back into the past we will rediscover that the event which coincides
with the beginning of the Great Cycle is none other than the birth of written
language. This time in the evolution of our species represents the commencement
of history itself. The period from 4200 to 3000 BC also coincides with the
rise of patriarchy which ended the peaceful goddess culture that existed
before history during the Early Neolithic."
4,133 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto
Conjunction -
4,029 B.C. -
Neptune-Pluto conjunction -
4,022 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto
Conjunction -
*Interlude: "Did orthodox church dogma
suggest Earth was created about 4,000 B.C.? Apparently, it
did. Unfortunately, this long-held popular
paradigm has seriously warped our modern view of the ancient world by attributing
post-4,000 B.C. dates to the oldest civilizations and world cultures on the
planet. Not only the first people, the first civilizations, the first languages,
the first calendars, the first monuments, the first governments and religions,
but after about 4,000 B.C. we find nearly every Biblical event [thus all
of Earth's history]. We find things this way because what some people once
believed, some people still do!
[]" [- E.M.]
4,004 B.C. - Biblical
Creation? - "Reported date for the
creation of the world according to Bishop Ussher [1581-1656]. Based on O.T.
Chronology, according to Ussher, Adam and Eve were driven from Paradise on
Monday 10 November 4,004 B.C. Ussher was Archbishop of Armagh, Primate of
All Ireland, and Vice-Chancellor of Trinity College in Dublin. According
to John Lightfoot [1602-1675], Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University and
a contemporary of Ussher, man was created on October 23, 4,004 B.C., at nine
o'clock in the morning. Other dates for the beginning of the world include:
August 21st, 4004 B.C. and March 21st, 4004 B.C."
*Trivia: "[....] ... Natural selection is the
process by which genes change their sequences. In the process of changing,
though, those genes laid down a record of our four-billion year biography
as a biological lineage. They are, if we only know how to read them, a more
valuable source of information on our past than the manuscripts of the Venerable
Bede. In other words, a record of our past is etched into our genes. [....]"
[Based on: GENOME, The Aurobiography of a Species in 23 chapters,
by Matt Ridley (Copyright 1999), 2000 paperback edition, p. 35]
4,000 B.C. - Stone Age - "The entire period
of hominid history prior to 4,000 B.C. might be termed the Stone Age."
4,000 B.C. - Temple of Ur - "In the early 1900's,
the builders of the Baghdad railway placed a station about 120 miles north
of Basra because the landmarked site was a recognized travellers' rest. Here,
an enormous solitary hill rose above the desert - a hill known to the Bedouins
as Tell al Muqayyar [Mound of Pitch]. But some thousands of years ago this
desert waste was a lush, fertile valley with cornfields and date groves.
As was soon to be discovered, within this great mound was the towering
multi-levelled Temple of Ur, along with the rest of the ancient city.
"In 1923 , the archaeologist Sir Charles Leonard Wooley, with
a joint team from the British Museum and the University of Pennsylvania,
set out to excavate the mound because some years earlier a collection of
very old texts, engraved on stone cylinders, had been unearthed near the
summit. One of these cylinder-seals [as they became known] had revealed the
name of Ur-nammu, King of Ur in about 2,010 BC, and so it was determined
that this was probably the location of Abraham's home." [Laurence Gardner,
Genesis Of The Grail Kings]
"When the Wooley team investigated beneath the foundations of
the 4,000-year-old ziggurat and its confines, they fiound the remains of
another great ziggurat and a buried city from even more ancient times, with
courtyard bricks dating back to the 4th millennium BC. Also there were graves
and artifacts from 3,700 BC, around the time of Adam, along with numerous
archaeologically valuable items from a far more distant era. They even discovered
a kingly burial ground, together with documentary records and cultural treasures
unsurpassed in all Egypt." [Based on: Laurence Gardner, Genesis Of The
Grail Kings]
4,000 B.C. - Copper in Use-
"Copper was in use by this time."
4,000 B.C. - Utah Villiages - "Archaeologists
led reporters into a remote canyon Wednesday [06/30/04] to reveal an almost
perfectly preserved picture of ancient life: stone pit houses, granaries
and a bounty of artifacts kept secret for more than a half century [since
about 1950]. [....] Archaeologists said the villiages were occupied more
than 1,000 years ago and may be as old as 4,500 years. [....] Hundreds of
granaries, ranging from cupboard-sized to several yards across, are in some
cases hundreds of feet up nearly inaccessible cliffs. [....] Waldo Wilcox,
the rancher who sold the land and returned Wednesday [06/30/04], kept the
archaeological sites a closely guarded secret for more than 50 years." [Based
on: A.P. article by Paul Foy, 07/01/04]
*Trivia: "Hidden deep inside Utah's nearly
inaccessible Book Cliffs region, 130 miles from Salt Lake City, the prehistoric
villages run for 12 miles and include hundreds of rock art panels, cliffside
granaries, stone houses built halfway underground, rock shelters, and the
mummified remains of long-ago inhabitants. The site was occupied for at least
3,000 years until it was abandoned more than 1,000 years ago, when the Fremont
people mysteriously vanished. [....] The secret is coming to light after
the federal and state governments paid Wilcox $2.5 million for the 4,200-acre
ranch, which is surrounded by wilderness study lands. The state took ownership
this year but has not decided how to control public access. [....] Metcalfe
said a team of researchers has documented about 200 pristine sites occupied
as long as 4,500 years ago, 'and we've only looked in a few places.' [....]
Archaeologists think the sites may have been occupied as long as 7,000 years
ago; they could shed light on the earliest inhabitants of North America,
who are believed to have arrived by way of the Bering Strait 10,000 years
ago. [....] 'I didn't let people go in there to destroy it,' said Wilcox,
whose parents bought the ranch in 1951 and threw up a gate to the rugged
canyon. 'The less people know about this, the better.' Over the years, Wilcox
occasionally welcomed archaeologists to inspect part of the canyon, 'but
we'd watch 'em.' When one Kent State researcher used a pick ax to take a
pigment sample from a pictograph, Wilcox 'took the pick from him and took
him out of the gate.' [....] He [Wilcox] said he gave up the land after the
San Francisco-based Trust for Public Land, which transferred the ranch to
public ownership, promised to protect it. [....] Archaeologists didn't realize
the full significance of Range Creek until 2002. While many structures are
standing or visible, others could be buried. Archaeologists have not done
any excavations, simply because 'we have too big a task just to document'
sites in plain view, Jones said. After The Associated Press started inquiring,
Metcalfe decided to hasten an announcement. Next week, he plans to take news
organizations to the ranch, 30 miles off the nearest paved highway over rough,
mountainous terrain. A gate inside Range Creek Canyon blocks access; a dirt
road continues from there about 14 miles down the canyon to a ranch house,
now a hub of archaeological activity." [Based on: A.P. article by Paul Foy,
06/25/2004]
4,000 B.C. - Pa Kua / China - "According
to Chinese legend, in the 4th millenium B.C. a dragon delivered the eight
mystic trigrams, the Pa Kua, to a legendary emperor."
4,000 B.C. - Chinese Writing - "In many pots,
jades, and bronzes ranging from the late third millenium B.C. to as late
as Shang and Chou dynasties, bird and sun motifs appear together, often joined,
and possibly can be read as yang niao, or 'sun birds', the name of
a local eastern Yi group which had settled in the Lower Yangtze valley. This
could be an example of the precursor to Chinese writing." [Links:
1]
4,000 B.C. - Ancient Scythians - "The
ancient Scythians [a transient kingly tribe who first domesticated the horse
before 4000 BC] were indeed the early occupiers of Akkad in pre-Sumerian
times." [Based on: Laurence Gardner, Genesis Of The Grail Kings, p.
46]
4,000 B.C. - Megoliths / Malta - Reportedly:
"Malta is the site of the world's most ancient temple complexes: recent
dendrochronological dating has put the age of these monuments at just short
of 6,000 years." [Link:
1]
4,000 B.C. - Agriculture / Europe - "Agriculture
established across Europe." [Based on: Compact History Of The World,
edited by Geoffrey Parker, copyright 2003, p. 16] - [First published
by Times Books (as The Times Compact Atlas of World History) 1995
- updated and reprinted 2002]
4,000 B.C.
- Ice-Free
Antarctica? -
"The Piri Reis Map, which is a genuine document, not
a hoax of any kind, was made at Constantinople in A.D. 1513. The ice-free
coast of Queen Maud Land shown in the map is a colossal puzzle because geological
evidence confirms that the latest date it could have been surveyed and charted
in an ice-free condition is 4,000 B.C. The true enigma of this 1513 map is
not so much its inclusion of a continent not discovered until 1,818 but its
portrayal of part of a coastline of that continent under ice-free conditions
which came to an end 6,000 years ago and have not since recurred. Piri Reis
tells us that he was not responsible for the original surveying and cartography,
but he admitts that his role was merly that of compiler and copyist and that
the map was derived from a large number of source maps. In 1963 professor
Hapgood argued that some of the source maps the admiral had made use of,
in particular those said to date back to the fourth century B.C., had themselves
been based on even older sources, which in turn had been bassed on
sources originating in the furthest antiquity. There was, he asserted,
irrefutable evidence that the earth had been comprehensively mapped before
4,000 B.C. by a hitherto unknown and undiscovered civilization which had
achieved a high level of technological advancement."
4,000 B.C. - Amber Trade / Europe - "Chiefdoms
of northern Europe were trading in amber."
4,000 B.C. - Mesopotamian Flood? - "Among some
20,000 preserved clay tablets, excavated from the world's most famous library
at Nineveh [old Ninua] in Mesopotamian Assyria, are twelve which tell the
story of the Flood. According to these texts, the hero of the epic, who was
commanded by the gods to 'build a ship', was King Uta-napishtim of Shuruppak,
who reigned around 4,000 BC. His story even states that when the waters had
abated, 'All mankind had turned to clay; the ground was flat like a roof'."
[Laurence Gardner, Genesis Of The Grail Kings]
*Trivia: "Flood strata of Mesopotamia has been
scientifically dated to about 4,000 B.C."
4,000 B.C. - Bulgarian Inscriptions -
"Epigraphers remain perplexed concerning such ancient European inscriptions
as the Azillian signary c.8000 B.C.E. from southern France, the Tartaria
tablets from Romania and the 'proto-writing' from Gradeshnitsa, Bulgaria
dated before 4,000 B.C."
4,000 B.C. -
Olmec's / South
America - "The roots of the Mayan
civilization can be traced back thousands of years to the Olmecs, an earlier
civilization that inhabited an area along the Gulf of Mexico. The Olmec,
which means 'rubber people,' date back to at least 4000 BC. They began their
rise to civilization around 1500 BC, and are considered to have reached the
first advanced stages of high civilization around 550 BC."
*Trivia:
"According to popular belief, the Olmecs
were a culture of ancient peoples of the East Mexico lowlands. Other reports
suggest a much older culture was responsible for the ancient sites which
the Olmecs ['their descendants'] later inherited. It was at San Lorenzo that
the earliest carbon-dates for an Olmec site [around 1,500 B.C.] had been
recorded by archaeologists. However, Olmec culture appeared to have been
fully evolved by that epoch and there was no evidence that the evolution
had taken place in the vicinity of San Lorenzo. Not a single, solitary
sign of anything that could be described as the 'developmental phase'
of Olmec society had been unearthed anywhere in Mexico [or, for that matter,
anywhere in the New World]." [Links:
1, 2 number
12]
4,000 B.C. - Set [the
"Devil"] / Egypt - "About ten thousand years
after the time of Thoth [about 14,000 B.C.], the vile, unscrupolous Egyptian
priesthood, to bring fear and dread into the hearts of people and to enslave
them for their priestly purposes, turned Set
into the devil
of today. Before a devil was invented by the Egyptians, a devil was unknown.
Before that it was a fight between the Soul or Divine Force and the material
affinities for control of man's mind and, through his mind, his bodily actions.
The Soul's endeavor was to raise the material man to a higher plane. This
the material affinities fought against and tried to keep him down to their
own level." [Based on: Col. James Churchward]
4,000 B.C. - Human Settlement / Poland - "In
Poland the archeological site at Oslonki uncovered some 30 longhouses and
80 graves."
4,000 B.C. - Human Advancement / Sumer - "Although
Mesopotamia was a world leader in numerous aspects from around 10,000 B.C.,
there appears to have been a very marked further advancement from about
4,000 B.C. when southern Mesopotamia became identified as Sumer and the truly
municipal cities flourished. By that time they were formally recognized as
city-states which operated as individual kingdoms, and it is the story of
the amazing rise of Sumer which provides the very thrust of the patriarchal
narrative in Genesis. This sudden cultural expansion was not simply a matter
of general evolvement; it was a mighty technical and academic revolution
which has long baffled scholars and historians worldwide."
*Trivia: "To this day, the majority are baffled
by the sudden, extraordinary emergence of the Sumerians, seemingly from nowhere.
But there is no doubt that, upon their advent in southern Mesopotamia, they
were already highly advanced to a level far beyond that recorded or sustained
from anyplace where logically they could have emanated. Nowhere on earth
was there a culture like that of the Sumerians, who appeared soon after 4000
BC - at least that is what is generally supposed." [Based on: Laurence Gardner,
Genesis of the Grail Kings, p. 45]
4,000 B.C. - Hittite Settlements / Cappadocia -
"The Hittites settled around Cappadocia in present day Turkey. According
to reports: 'Sumerian as well as Akkadian words were borrowed into the Hittite
language. Wherever Akkadian influence spread [among the Hurrians, Hittites,
Elamites, Canaanites and still farther afield into the Aegean and Egypt],
the Sumerian impact was felt. 'Cuneiform Hittite texts are not only written
in the script of Mesopotamia, but are full of Sumero-Akkadian logograms and
loan-words; so much so that the interpretation of Hittite texts comes more
easily to Assyriologists than to Indo-Europeanists.' "
4,000 B.C. - Human Occupation
/ Indus Valley - "The Indus Valley encompasses a large
floodplain of rich alluvial soils that supported human occupation sites with
irrigation based agriculture as early as 6,000 BP." [Link:
1
- #10]
*Trivia: "The mature phase of the Harappan
civilization lasted from c. 2600 to 1900 BCE. With the inclusion of the
predecessor and successor cultures—Early Harappan and Late Harappan,
respectively—the entire Indus Valley Civilization may be taken to have
lasted from the 33rd to the 14th centuries BCE. Two terms are employed for
the periodization of the IVC: Phases and Eras.[13][14] The
Early Harappan, Mature Harappan, and Late Harappan phases are also called
the Regionalisation, Integration, and Localisation eras, respectively, with
the Regionalization era reaching back to the Neolithic Mehrgarh II period.
'Discoveries at Mehrgarh changed the entire concept of the Indus civilization,'
according to Ahmad Hasan Dani, professor emeritus at Quaid-e-Azam University,
Islamabad. 'There we have the whole sequence, right from the beginning of
settled village life.'[15] [....] The Early Harappan Ravi Phase, named after
the nearby Ravi River, lasted from circa 3300 BCE until 2800 BCE. It is related
to the Hakra Phase, identified in the Ghaggar-Hakra River Valley to the west,
and predates the Kot Diji Phase (2800-2600 BCE, Harappan 2), named after
a site in northern Sindh, Pakistan, near Mohenjo Daro. The earliest examples
of the Indus script date from around 3000 BCE.[8] [....]" [Based on:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation] - [T.D. -
12/15/08]
4,000 B.C. - Teotihuacan Trivia / South America
- "Neither the Street of the Dead, nor the
temple of Quetzalcoatl, nor the Pyramids of the Sun and the Moon had ever
been definately dated. The majority of scholars believed that the city of
Teotihuacan ['place of the gods'] had flourished between 100 B.C. and 600
A.D., but others argued strongly that it must have risen to prominence much
earlier, between 1,500 and 1,000 B.C. There were others still who sought,
largely on geological grounds, to push the foundation back to 4,000 B.C.
before the eruption of the nearby volcano Xitli. Still other reports push
the date back well beyond 10,000 B.C. Incidentally, the architects who had
planned Teotihuacan had deliberately chosen to incline the Street of the
Dead 15 degrees 30' east of north." [Links:
1,
2]
4,000 B.C. - Prehistoric
use of Chili Peppers / South America - "Fossils show ancient use of chili
peppers [New fossil evidence shows prehistoric people from southern Peru
up to the Bahamas were using varities of chilies millennia (about 6,100 years
ago) before Columbus' arrival brought the spice to world cuisine.]" [Based
on: Title for A.P. article, p. A3, S.L.P.D., 02/16/07]
4,000 B.C.
3,879 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto
Conjunction -
3,768 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto
Conjunction -
3,761 B.C. - Jewish
Creation? - "The Jewish era in use
today is dated from the supposed year of the Creation, with its epoch or
beginning in what is 3,761 B.C. on the Gregorian calendar. According to Jewish
tradition, the year 1 of the Jewish calendar was the time of 'waste and void,'
referred to in Genesis 1.1. Nothing was yet created, and only a virtual clock
started to tick on the first day of that year, heard, as it were, only by
the Creator."
3,625 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto
Conjunction -
3,600 B.C. - Sumer / Iraq - "Soon after
4,000 B.C., southern Mesopotamia was identified as Sumer [pronounced 'Shumer'],
and it was here that the early patriarchs prevailed. One of the foremost
cities of ancient Sumer was Uruk [modern-day Warka], from which derived the
country's eventual name of Iraq." [Links:
1, 2]
3,600 B.C. - Malta Temple - "A temple on the
Medeterranian island of Malta was reportedly constructed around 3,600 B.C.
[Note: Since Carbon 14 dating measures the age of organic materials only,
nearly all of the stone ruins [composed of inorganic rock] have not
been Carbon 14 dated. Rather, what have been Carbon 14 dated are so many
organic materials lying with, next to, or around those stone ruins.] [Link:
1]
3,536 B.C. -
Neptune-Pluto Conjunction -
3,514 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto
Conjunction -
3,500 B.C. - Bronze Age - "According to
popular history, the Sumerians began to use bronze tools and about 3,500
B.C., entered the Bronze Age."
3,500 B.C. - Qumran Relics - "The excavations
at Qumran have produced relics dating back about 3,500 BC, at which time
[during the Bronze Age] the settlement was a Bedouin camp."
3,500 B.C. - Sumerian Writing - "Reportedly,
the earliest attested documents in cuneiform were written in Sumerian, the
language of the inhabitants of southern Mesopotamia and Chaldea from the
4th until the 2nd millennium B.C. According to popular belief, the original
Sumerian script consisted of pictographs. It later became linear and then
evolved into the cuneiform script." [Links:
1, 2,
3]
3,500 B.C. - Burial Sites / Ireland - "In Ireland,
burial sites have been dated to at least 3,500 B.C." [Link:
1]
3,500 B.C. - Mesopotamian Pottery - "Early
Mesopotamian pottery, from about 3,500 B.C., has links as far afield as
peninsular Greece, via Anatolia. Cultural links between Mesopotamia and Greece
have persisted, in varying degree, from period to period, ever since."
3,500 B.C. - Trivia / Temple of Ur - "Six years
after beginning their excavations at Ur, Woolley's archaeologists found an
intriguing complex of ancient graves dating to about 3,500 BC, including
a stone-built tomb of unusual significance. It was significant because stone
has never existed in this desert area; barely a pebble can be found within
30 miles of Ur."
3,500 B.C. - Wheeled Carts / Sumeria -
"According to popular history, about 3,500 B.C., animal-drawn wheeled
carts were in use in Sumeria."
3,500 B.C. - Semite Slaves? / Egypt -
"According to popular history, about 3,700 years
ago, West Semitic-speaking people of the Sinai became workers or slaves under
the sway of Egyptian rule. The Egyptian hieroglyphic symbols these Semitic
speakers saw made an impression on them, and encouraged the adoption
of a limited number of hieroglyphics to write down sounds in their language."
3,500 B.C. - Oldest Writing? / Harappa, Pakistan
- "[....] There was great excitement in scholarly circles when Dr. Richard
Meadow of the Peabody Museum at Harvard University recently announced the
discovery of a piece of pottery at Harappa in Pakistan, with a written message
on it. The discovery was announced on the BBC (among others) where it was
stated to be more than 5500 years old (3500 BC), making it the oldest example
of writing known, and about a thousand years older than the bulk of Harappan
writing. [....]" [Swordoftruth.com, 06/07/99]
3,500 B.C. - Human
Migration / Siberia to Greenland - February 12th, 2010: "[....] This
is the first time the whole genome of an ancient human has been analyzed
[2010]. It also sheds new light on the settlement of North America by showing
there was a hitherto unsuspected migration of people across the continent,
from Siberia to Greenland, some 5,500 years ago. [....]" [Based on: New
York Times article (4,000-year-old DNA reveals Greenland's past), p.
A12 , S.L.P.D., 02/12/10]
3,500 B.C. - Ancient
stones older than Stonehenge discovered on Dartmoor - April 19th, 2010:
"The nine stones at Cut Hill, one of the highest points on Dartmoor in Devon,
have been carbon-dated to around 3,500BC. [NP] The discovery of the megaliths
has delighted archaeologists and will reignite the debtae about the purpose
of Stonehenge, which is 120 miles away in Wiltshire. [NP] Standing in a line
they are 1,000 years older than Britain's most famous prehistoric monument.
It means they pre-date Stonehenge, which was not begun before 3,000BC. [NP]
Both monuments appear to be clearly aligned to mark the rising of the midsummer
sun and the setting of the midwinter sun which suggested they both had symbolic
and astronomical purposes. [NP] Archaeologists are debating whether the find
adds credence to the theory that Stonehenge was linked to prehistoric death
rituals or whether it was seen by ancient Britons as a centre of healing.
[NP] Mike Pitts, of British Archaeology magazine, said: ‘This is a
spectacular find and its alignment on the Solstice sun, at the exact same
angle as Stonehenge, gives us fresh insights into the knowledge of Stone
Age people.’ "
[Based on: Telegraph.co.uk article (Ancient stones
older than Stonehenge discovered on Dartmoor / Ancient stones which are thought
to be 1,000 years older than Stonehenge have been discovered in Dartmoor.)
Published: 7:00AM BST 19 Apr 2010 ]
*Link:
http://www.archaeologynews.org/story.asp?ID=597839&Title=Ancient stones
older than Stonehenge discovered on Dartmoor
3,400 B.C. - Gezer - "Creamware was found at
bedrock." [Link:
1]
3,371 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto
Conjunction -
3,300 B.C.
- Trivia / Stonehenge -
"Stonehenge in Britain has long been a site
of celebration of the summer solstice, June 21. But there are more than 1,000
other prehistoric stone circles in the British Isles. Not much is known about
them, except that they appear to be giant sundials and astronomical clocks.
What is known is that between 3300 and 900 B.C. there were three phases of
stone-circle building. During the first phase, before 3000 B.C., impressive
circles, more than 30 meters [33 yards] across, were built on hillsides around
the Irish Sea. They usually had one wider gap to serve as an entrance. Sometimes
they had one single standing stone outside the ring, like a signpost proclaiming
the land was occupied. Many perfectly constructed rings of stones were created
around 2600 B.C., perhaps because metal was then available. These include
the circles of Stanton Drew, in Somerset, and the Ring of Brodgar, in the
Orkneys, each more than 90 metres [98 yards] across. Certain areas seemed
to adopt a preferred number of stones. They show a wide range of styles,
from plain and concentric rings to rings with avenues, like that at Avebury.
From 2000 to 900 B.C., the tradition of building stone circles declined.
By 900 B.C. stone circles, including Stonehenge, were abandoned." [Note:
Since Carbon 14 dating measures the age of organic materials only, nearly
all of the stone ruins [composed of inorganic rock] have not been Carbon
14 dated. Rather, what have been Carbon 14 dated are so many organic materials
lying with, next to, or around those stone ruins." [Links:
1, 2]
*Trivia:
"Stonehenge was for a long while thought
to have been built slowly - over about 1000 years between 2,100 and 1,100
BC. This chronology was called into question in 1996 by new archaeological
evidence. Following a two-year study commisioned by the English Heritage
Foundation, researchers concluded that the great circles of blustones and
sarsens had in fact been put up between 2,600 BC and 2,030 BC. Less than
a year after these results were published another study showed that the stone
circles had been preceded by wooden circles of 6-metre pine 'totem poles'
dated to 8,000 B.C. [Based on: by Graham Hancock and Santha Faiia, Heaven's
Mirror, Quest For The Lost Civilization, p. xiii]
3,300 B.C. - Early
Harappan Period - "The Early Harappan Ravi Phase, named after the nearby
Ravi River, lasted from circa 3300 BCE until 2800 BCE. It is related to the
Hakra Phase, identified in the Ghaggar-Hakra River Valley to the west, and
predates the Kot Diji Phase (2800-2600 BCE, Harappan 2), named after a site
in northern Sindh, Pakistan, near Mohenjo Daro. The earliest examples of
the Indus script date from around 3000 BCE.[8] [NP] The mature phase of earlier
village cultures is represented by Rehman Dheri and Amri in Pakistan.[35]
Kot Diji (Harappan 2) represents the phase leading up to Mature Harappan,
with the citadel representing centralised authority and an increasingly urban
quality of life. Another town of this stage was found at Kalibangan in India
on the Hakra River.[36] [NP] Trade networks linked this culture with related
regional cultures and distant sources of raw materials, including lapis lazuli
and other materials for bead-making. Villagers had, by this time, domesticated
numerous crops, including peas, sesame seeds, dates and cotton, as well as
various animals, including the water buffalo. Early Harappan communities
turned to large urban centres by 2600 BCE, from where the mature Harappan
phase started. [....]" [Based on: Wikipedia
article: Early Harappan - See link]
*Link:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilization - [T.D. 10/26/08]
3,295 B.C. - Beginning? / "High Religion" -
Fifty-three hundred years ago the archetypal information
concerning the End of the World was deliberately taken out of circulation,
along with the Goddess culture that held it. All information was replaced
by High Religion. The snow-ball effect concerning this one single movement
in our history has continued straight through until today.
Recent scientific information given by Dr. Paul LaViolette
has isolated the cause and effect scenario that the ancients knew as the
coming End of All. When this restored archetypal information is placed on
top of our modern historical interpretations, the picture we have held radically
changes.
Based on all information, it would seem the cyclical
event once known by all is, as the ancients have said, returning. We are
out of the information loop. The destruction of the "Fourth World"
comes.
We go about our business everyday believing that our
versions of the truth give us all we need to know concerning this topic of
the end of all. We see it as the light at the end of the dark tunnel of our
complex lives. Unfortunately, that light is not the light of wisdom; it is
the light of the oncoming train of the real End of the World.
[Based on:
http://users.gloryroad.net/%7Ebigjim/pandora.htm]
3,260 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto
Conjunction -
3,200 B.C. - Semites / Lebanon - "Semitic people come to the area around
Byblos, Lebanon. It was then called Gebal and the people Giblites, who with
flat axes cut timber from the mountains."
3,200 B.C. - Trivia / Indus Valley Civilization
- "Traditional date when the Indus Valley civilization [3,200-1,600
B.C.] grew grew up along the banks of the Indus River in what is now Pakistan."
[Link: 1]
3,117 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto
Conjunction -
3,114 B.C. - Beginning / Mayan Fifth Sun Epoch
- "Central American cultures believed that
prior to the fifth epoch [Fifth 'Sun'] there had been four previous 'Suns,'
each of which had ended in a cataclysm that had wiped the face of the earth
clean. The fifth epoch was said to have begun in darkness on 4 Ahau 8 Cumku,
a date in the Mayan calendar corresponding to 13 August 3114 BC, and was
expected to come to a catastrophic end as the result of a 'great movement
of the earth' on 4 Ahau 3 Kankin - which corresponds in the modern calendar
to 23 December AD 2012."
*Trivia: "This
cycle, also called the Great Cycle, lasts exactly 1,872,000 kin, 260 katun,
5200 tun, or approximately 5125.36 years. After years of considering data
from archeology, ethnography, iconography, and astronomy, Mayanologists have
determined that the date 0.0.0.0.0 corresponds to the Julian date 854283,
which equates to August 11, 3114 BC in the Gregorian calendar. [....] The
end date, 13.0.0.0.0 corresponds to the date December 21, 2012 AD. [....]
The Maya considered the period of this Great Cycle to be equivalent to a
World Age, or Sun, and thus the 5200 tun Long Count reflects a creation epoch.
[....] The purpose of this cycle, which the Maya calibrated and mapped as
the Long Count, was specially engineered to raise the frequency of vibration
of humanity, the planet, and the solar system through a quickening and
transformation of matter. This cycle climaxes when the entire historic process
converges in the direction of the now, beyond the third dimension. As the
Earth moves into a higher vibrational state, our collective reality will
phase into synchronization with the larger galactic frame of reference."
3,114 B.C. - Astronomic
Configuration - August 13th, 3114 B.C.
(-3113) JC:
"Sun [12 Cancer], Moon [16 Aquarius],
Mercury [11 Cancer R.], Venus [8 Cancer], Mars [20 Libra],
Jupiter [9
Pisces
R.], Saturn [22
Leo], Uranus [26 Capricorn R.], Neptune [11 Scorpio R.],
Pluto [23 Capricorn R.]."
[Based on:
http://www.astro.com/swisseph/ae/m3100/ae_m3113.pdf]
*Trivia: "There have been various methods proposed
to allow us to convert from a Long Count date to a Western calendar date.
These methods, or correlations, are generally based on dates from the Spanish
conquest, where both Long Count and Western dates are known with some accuracy.
[NP] The commonly-established way of expressing the correlation between the
Maya calendar and the Gregorian or Julian calendars is to provide number
of days from the start of the Julian Period (Monday, January 1, 4713 BCE)
to the start of creation on 0.0.0.0.0 (4 Ajaw, 8 Kumk'u). [NP] The most commonly
accepted correlation is the 'Goodman, Martinez, Thompson' correlation (GMT
correlation). The GMT correlation establishes that the 0.0.0.0.0 creation
date occurred on 3114 BCE September 6 (Julian) or 3114 BCE August 11 (Gregorian),
Julian day number (JDN) 584283. This correlation fits the astronomical,
ethnographic, carbon dating, and historical sources. However, there have
been other correlations that have been proposed at various times, most of
which are merely of historical interest, except that by Floyd Lounsbury,
two days after the GMT correlation, which is in use by some Maya scholars,
such as Linda Schele. [....]"
[Based on wikipedia article (Long count) - see
link]
*Link:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerican_calendars
- [T.D. - 11/29/08]
1. Baktun 0 (=13). Baktun of the Star Planting.
3113-2718 B.C. 13.0.0.0.0
Entry of Earth into Galactic Synchronization Beam.
Planting of "star-transmissions" of the galactic league among peoples across
the planet. Consolidation of upper and lower Egypt, 3100 B.C. Expansion of
Sumeria, 3000 B.C. Condtruction of Stonehenge begun, 2800 B.C.
[Based on: The Mayan Factor / Path Beyond
Technology, by Jose Arguelles, Copyright 1939-, 1987, p. 114]
3,102 B.C. - Astronomic Configuration - February
18th, 3103 B.C. (-3102) JC:
"Sun [5 Aquarius], Moon [3 Libra], Mercury
[9 Capricorn], Venus [1 Pisces R.], Mars [29 Taurus],
Jupiter [20
Capricorn], Saturn [25 Sagittarius], Uranus [6 Pisces],
Neptune [8 Sagittarius], Pluto [4 Aquarius]."
[Based on:
http://www.astro.com/swisseph/ae/m3100/ae_m3102.pdf]
3,102 B.C. - Beginning / Kali Yuga Age? -
"Kali Yuga (Devanagari: ..., lit. 'Age of Kali',
'age of vice'), is one of the four stages of development that the world goes
through as part of the cycle of Yugas, as described in Indian scriptures,
the others being Satya Yuga, Treta Yuga and Dvapara Yuga. According to the
Surya Siddhanta, an astronomical treatise that forms the basis of all Hindu
and Buddhist calendars, Kali Yuga began at midnight (00:00) on 18 February
3102 BCE [1] in the proleptic Julian calendar or 23 January 3102 BC in the
proleptic Gregorian calendar, which is also considered by many Hindus to
be the time that Krishna, an incarnation of Vishnu, died as a result of a
freak bow hunting accident. The Kali Yuga is traditionally thought to last
432,000 years. [....]" [Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali_Yuga]
- [T.D. - 12/15/08]
*Trivia: "According
to Hesiod, the present race of man [the iron race] had been preceded by three
earlier races – the golden race, the silver race, and the bronze race
respectively. Each of these three peoples had been destroyed by cataclysms,
at the command of the gods, the most recent of which had been the flood of
Deucalion. The disappearance of Atlantis, rather intriguingly, was dated
by Plato to the third cataclysm before this flood of Deucalion."
*Trivia: "Sri
Yukteswar’s introduction to The Holy Science includes his explanation
of the Yuga Cycle – revolutionary because of his premise that the earth
is now in the age of Dwapara Yuga, not the Kali Yuga that most Indian pundits
believe to be the current age.[4] His theory is based on the idea that the
sun 'takes some star for its dual and revolves round it in about 24,000 years
of our earth – a celestial phenomenon which causes the backward movement
of the equinoctial points around the zodiac.'[1] The common explanation for
this celestial phenomenon is precession, the ‘wobbling’ rotating
movement of the earth axis. Research into Sri Yukteswar’s explanation
is being conducted by the Binary Research Institute. [....] In The Holy
Science, Sri Yukteswar concludes that we are currently in the beginning
stages of Dwapara Yuga, which began around 1699 A.D. This now puts us in
the year 308 Dwapara according to Sri Yukteswar. Thus, we are moving closer
to the grand center, and will pass into Treta Yuga around the year 4099 A.D.[1]
[....]" [Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holy_Science] - [T.D.
- 10/19/08]
3,100 B.C. - "History" Begins? -
"Reportedly, a society that possesses
writing is 'historic'. One that does not is 'prehistoric'. By 3,100 B.C.,
the Sumerians had a system of writing that could communicate anything they
wanted to say. In other words, human history begins with Sumeria not long
before 3,000 B.C." [- Asimov]
3,100 B.C. - Important Period -
"Historically, the date of 3,100 B.C. has proven to
be one of the most important periods, if not the most important period, regarding
three of the world’s most ancient civilizations: Sumer, Egypt and
India."
3,100 B.C. - "Scorpion" / Egypt - "In the
protodynastic period of Egypt 'Scorpion' ruled and was followed
by Narmer."
3,100 B.C. - Trivia
/ 1st Egyptian Dynasty - "Traditional date when the two regions
of Egypt were believed to have been united under the rule of Narmer [known
as Menes, to the Greeks] and the First Egyptian Dynasty was founded.
Incidentally, the number of years credited to some kings of the 1st and 2nd
Dynasty is so high, that, in those particular cases, they are most likely
not correct. It has sometimes been postulated that this high number of years
does not reflect the length of a reign but the age at which the king died.
Such high numbers for reigning kings also appear in the Sumerian King Lists."
[Links: 1,
2]
*Trivia: "[....] Sirius, considered by the ancient
Egyptians to be the most important star in the sky, was astronomically the
foundation of their entire religious system. Its celestial movements determined
the Egyptian calendar ... Sirius's heliacal rising (when Sirius again rose
into visibility after being hidden by the sun's light for 70 days) marked
the beginning of the Egyptian year and roughly coincided with the flooding
of the Nile - major events marked by feasting and celebration. [....]"
[Baseed on:
http://www.souledout.org/cosmology/cossynthreflects/sirius.html] - [T.D.
- 12/28/07]
*Trivia: "[....] Until recently, theirs [Black
Pharoahs] was a chapter of history that largely went untold. Only in the
past four decades have archaeologists resurrected their story - and come
to recognize that the black pharoahs didn't appear out of nowhere. They sprang
from a robust African civilization that had flourished on the southern banks
of the Nile for 2,500 years, going back at least as far as the first Egyptian
dynasty. [....] By 2009, the massive Merowe Dam should be complete, and a
106-mile-long lake will flood the terrain abutting the Nile's Fourth Cataract,
or rapid, including thousands of unexplored sites. For the past nine years,
archaeologists have flocked to the region, furiously digging before another
repository of Nubian history goes the way of Atlantis. [....]" [Based on:
Article (AN IGNORED CHAPTER OF HISTORY TELLS OF A TIME WHEN KINGS
FROM DEEP IN AFRICA CONQURED ANCIENT EGYPT / Black Pharaohs, by Robert
Draper, N.G.M. (February 2008), p. 39]
3,043 B.C. -
Neptune-Pluto Conjunction -
Note: "This date represents an approximation only.
Most likely the calculation is off by several years." [-
E.M.]
3,006 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto
Conjunction -
3,000 B.C.
Last page update 05/30/10
